The Sound of Music Essay -- Film Musicals Movies

The Sound of Music In 1965 Robert Wise presented the world with his smashing box office ravisher take away, The Sound of Music. Over time it has become known as one of the most loved and well-known musicals of all time. Shortly after its release it won many Academy awards Best Picture, Best Director, Best Sound, Best Adapted Score, Best Film Editing, Best Film-Musical, Best Color Cinematography, and Best Costume devise (Freiden par3). The movie is based upon the true story of the VonTrapp family and allows its audience to relive their family experience as well as their flight from Nazism just before the extravasation of World War Two. So why is it that even today, The Sound of Music is still the most popular movie-musical ever made? (20th Century Fox). The musical film presented a sound that inspired a generation, giving them romance, longing and love. (20th Century Fox). However, there is certainly more than meets the eye to this 1965 American production of Austrias VonTrapp family. By winning a closer look at the movie we find that, not only did this smashing box office hit present us with a classic tale of romance and adventure, but it also inadvertently challenged us to wonder if The Sound of Music was Austrias chance to exonerate itself from its past mesh in Nazism. In order to question whether or not this movie is an opportunity for Austria to exonerate itself, we first need to understand how the movie creates an Americanized image of Austrias type in Nazism. An American audience allow for most certainly be affected by this movie in a different way than will a German or Austrian audience who have been personally involved in will. Because most Americans are not personally attached to ... ...s/sound-of-music.html.Gruber, commiseration E. Viennese Warily Confront Austrias role in World War II. The Jewish Bulletin. 1996. San Francisco Jewish Community Publications Inc. 11 November 2001. <http//www.jewishsf.com.Pere z, R.H. Timebase 1938. Humanitas International. 2001. 5 November 2001. <http//humanitas-international.org/showcase/chronography/timebase/1938tbse.htm.Starkman, pathos A. American Imperialism or Local Protectionism? The Sound of Music (1965) Fails in Germany and Austria. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 20 (1997) 63. MAS ULTRA- School Edition. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 30 October 2001.Webster, Brian. brushupThe Sound of Music. Apollo Guide. 2000. Apollo Communications Ltd. 10 October 2001. <http//www.apolloguide.com.2oth Century Fox. The Sound of Music. 1965. 9 November 2001.

Romance de la Luna, Luna Essay -- Literary Analysis, Federico Garcia L

Federico Garcia Lorcas Romance de La Luna, Luna is a Spanish meter that tells the story of a young gypsy boy and the woolgather. His love and crushed leather with the moon leads to his death. This poem not only tells the story of this young childs demise, but also shows the effects when someone is lured in by an charitable temptation. The poem uses many literary devices to enhance the meaning the words provide. The poem starts at the beginning of the story as the moon comes to visit the forge. The moon is express to be wearing her skirt of white, fragrant flowers (Lorca 2) as its bright light penetrates the scene. The poem states the young boy watches her, watches. / The young boy is watching her (3-4). The repetition of the sound out emphasizes the young boys puppy love with the moon. The scene is set with intensity by the phrase electrified air (5) and a tense feeling is brought into the poem. As the moon moves her arms (6), she is given traits of being alive and having her own human qualities. Personification of the moon into a woman exemplifies the desire that the child would have for the woman, and creates a much than appealing form for the moon to appear as. The child cries, flee, moon, moon, moon (9) with urgency, showing his concern for her. He warns her they would make with your heart / white necklaces and rings (11-12). This refers back to the allegory that the moon is made of hard tin, but still personifies her by giving her a heart. The moon is additionally personified when she says young boy, leave me to dance(13). She has now taken the form of a sensual and erotic gypsy dancer furthering the desire of the young boy. This brings Spanish culture to the poem because gypsies are known to travel passim Spain. The mo... ... The story of this poem tells about a young boy that is lured in by the sensuousness of the moon, and then dies because of his own desire for her. The symbolic meaning is much more hidden and disguised by the literary el ements of the poem. The storyline and aspects of the literal story add meaning when searching for the figurative meaning. The warning learned from this poem is that infatuation with anything can lead to a downfall. The moon seemed to offer a comfort that attracted him, but it was only a disguise to lead him to death. The passion the young boy felt for the moon can easily be modified to describe the passion a person can feel for anything. The young boy truism safeness in the moon that brought him closer to her. Any obsession will seem to offer the same comforts that the young boy also saw, but this poem warns that death can always disguise itself.

Essay --

During the late sixties, the Federal Republic of Germany was experiencing social upheavals during the late sixties which resulted in several student protest radicals. The origins of these protests resulted from the maturation of the newer generation of Germans who did not live through World War II. A new generation of radical students, influenced by their own version Marxism, desired to dispel the hypocrisy of westmost Germany. (Judt, 469) They wanted to unveil the fascist nature of their government, which was hiding under the guise of a parliamentary democracy. The students were hoping that their civil disobedience would disrupt the infrastructure of West Germany. (Judt, 469)The students demonstrate their own self-identity, and they started to embrace various social issues such as race and gender equality, anti-imperialism, and several other leftwing movements. Further more, the historical legacy of Nazism was the driving impulse that divided the older and younger generations. Th e students viewed both their parents and government with increasing skepticism. The younger Germans felt that there were still elements of fascism and Nazism in the various institutions of the state. Moreover, this generation started to class West Germany and America with fascism. Various events such as the war in Vietnam, Americas influence on West Germany, and the West German presidential terms support of various autocracies, triggered several protests from the student body of Germany.These protests were met with brute force from the German State that resulted in various cases of police brutality. In the film, The Baader Meinhof Complex, the reach of the Shah resulted in a conflict between the police and the protesters and this incident resulted in the death of ... ... fear mongering were very similar to the tyrannical groups that they were opposing.The film delves into the psychology of the Baader Meinhof group by examining the relationships that each key member had with one another. At the outset the group held strong ties amongst one another. Nevertheless, the ties between them become more strained as the group carries out these acts and their leaders are imprisoned. The hysteria brought about by the arrests of key leaders of the group triggered a violent reaction from the RAF that led to more bank robberies, assassinations, bomb attacks, and taking more hostages. The film portrays the humanity of these terrorists. Their crimes are deplorable and their mission was primarily based upon terror not idealism. The film provides hones in on the brutal nature of the crimes as well as the relationships between the members of the RAF.

The History of the American Bottom :: American History

Two of the nations largest rivers meet in the American Bottom. The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers served as impart of change to the area, bringing outside influences of many different peoples to an Indian-inhabited land. Like the constant flow of the rivers, there was a constant change in the American Bottom. The arm leveltu ally developed the area into a center of economic activity and gateway to the west, notwithstanding also excluded native and long-time residents. The Illinois Indians long dominated the American Bottom. They were a unique and special tribe, who were complex politically, religiously, and socially. They were also an independent people until cut colonizers came to settle in the area. The French Creoles became the dominant population in the region, effecting trade and implementing French Creole culture in the region. The French would non be the last group trying to develop and profit from the American Bottom. When the United States gained control of the territo ry, it changed even further and eventually Americanized into an U.S. State. The importance of the region increased as the U.S. continued to grow westward. The American Bottoms location between the two great rivers made it the apotheosis location for a center of economic growth.Prior to the contact period, or the time when the Illinois first came into contact with Europeans, the Illinois were a great and influential tribe. They were a precise interesting tribe who had a culture all their own. They were also a very autonomous bunch never having to rely on anyone but themselves for survival. This was all to change with the introduction of European missionaries and traders. The Illinois were dwelling in territory that was in heavy demand by those who wished to exploit these Indians and their land in order to crop over a dollar. The frontier was moving farther west and the Illinois eventually fell into the chaos that followed. War, disease, alcohol, and new ways of life eventually ext erminated the Illinois. Although the Illinois were not to make it through the development of the American Bottom, they played a crucial and fascinating role in its history.The land the Illinois lived was not only beautiful but also abundant with resources. The resources in the area amazed the French missionaries and explorers. Father Claude Allois, a Jesuit missionary, describes an interesting spectacle on a journey south. The next day, we byword a rock seven or eight feet out of the water and two or three brasses in circumference, named the pitch rock.

Nature of Power in Shakespeares Julius Caesar :: William Shakespeare

Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is a political drama which examines the nature of power and leadership in Rome. A conspiracy of eight men, headed by Cassius and Brutus, plan the assignation of their leader, Julius Caesar. However while Cassius is driven by resent, Brutus on the other hand believes he is performing for the good of Rome. In Rome at the start of the play there is a vibrant atmosphere. As Caesar overthrows Pompey for the crown the crowd erupt into delight. In rancor of the overwhelming support he still has a few doubters still lurking around. One of the discontented few, Brutus, opposes the idea of Caesar becoming King and gaining further power. I do timidity the people who choose Caesar for their King. Brutus is heedful that this decision may effect the welfare of Rome by shattering the republic. Brutus is adamant that Romes success was built on the concomitant that they had no ruler with his only line of thought being to weigh up what will benefit Rome and its people the most. Cassius viewpoint on the come out is we shouldnt ever even contemplated offering Caesar this position. I was born free of Caesar and so were you. Cassius is saying that it was the rash of us to offer him power as this will ill-use Rome and take away. However Caesar has done very little wrong. The spite for Caesar erects from the view that he may gain too much power which illustrates the envy felt towards him. Another argument he compiled from him was that he found to his knowledge that Caesar couldnt handle pressure.And when the fit was on him I did mark how he did shake. He is mentioning at how he thinks this unkingly attribute he possesses hardly makes him fit for the job. It furthermore shows the extent of his envy by scrapping for little details like this. Brutus doesnt seem to agree with this.Be all further moved by what you have said, I will consider what you have to say. The word consider reveals his caution as he attempts to decide in imputable cours e rather than to rush into the decision. It outlines him showing a sign of weakness by considering something he disagrees with. If he wasnt so open minded then the marriage of Brutus and Cassius may not of lasted.

Nature of Power in Shakespeares Julius Caesar :: William Shakespeare

Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is a political drama which examines the nature of power and leadership in capital of Italy. A conspiracy of eight men, headed by Cassius and Brutus, plan the assignation of their leader, Julius Caesar. How incessantly while Cassius is driven by envy, Brutus on the other hand believes he is acting for the not bad(predicate) of Rome. In Rome at the start of the play there is a vibrant atmosphere. As Caesar overthrows Pompey for the crown the crowd erupt into delight. In spite of the overcome support he still has a few doubters still lurking around. One of the discontented few, Brutus, opposes the idea of Caesar becoming King and gaining march on power. I do fear the wad who choose Caesar for their King. Brutus is heedful that this decision may effect the welfare of Rome by shattering the republic. Brutus is adamant that Romes success was built on the fact that they had no ruler with his only line of thought being to weigh up what will benef it Rome and its people the most. Cassius viewpoint on the issue is we shouldnt ever even contemplated offering Caesar this position. I was born free of Caesar and so were you. Cassius is saying that it was the rash of us to offer him power as this will harm Rome and take away. However Caesar has done very little wrong. The spite for Caesar erects from the view that he may gain too much power which illustrates the envy tangle towards him. Another argument he compiled from him was that he found to his knowledge that Caesar couldnt handle pressure.And when the fit was on him I did mark how he did shake. He is mentioning at how he thinks this unkingly attribute he possesses hardly makes him fit for the job. It furthermore shows the extent of his envy by scrapping for little details like this. Brutus doesnt seem to agree with this.Be any further moved by what you have said, I will consider what you have to say. The word consider reveals his caution as he attempts to decide in due quarr el rather than to rush into the decision. It outlines him showing a sign of weakness by considering something he disagrees with. If he wasnt so open minded then the pairing of Brutus and Cassius may not of lasted.

Foundation and Empire 3. The Dead Hand

type B Riose interrupted his annoyed stridings to look up hopefully when his aide entered. Any word of the Starlet?None. The exploratory survey party has quartered space, but the instruments have detected nonhing. Commander Yume has reported that the Fleet is ready for an immediate attack in retaliation.The general shook his head. No, not for a patrol ship. Not yet. Tell him to double Wait Ill write out the message. Have it coded and transmitted by tight beam.He wrote as he talked and impel the paper at the waiting officer. Has the Siwennian arrived yet?Not yet.Well, see to it that he is brought in here as soon as he does arrive.The aide saluted crisply and left. Riose resumed his caged stride.When the door opened a second time, it was Ducem Barr that stood on the thresh grizzly. Slowly, in the footsteps of the ushering aide, he stepped into the garish room whose ceiling was an ornamented holographic model of the Galaxy, and in the center of which type B Riose stood in field u niform.Patrician, good day The general pushed forward a chair with his foot and gestured the aide extraneous with a That door is to stay unsympathetic till I open it.He stood before the Siwennian, legs apart, hand grasping wrist behind his back, balancing himself slowly, thoughtfully, on the balls of his feet.Then, harshly, Patrician, are you a loyal repress of the Emperor?Barr, who had maintained an indifferent silence till then, wrinkled a noncommittal brow. I have no cause to love Imperial rule.Which is a dogged way from saying that you would be a traitor.True. entirely the mere act of not being a traitor is also a long way from agreeing to be an active helper.Ordinarily also true. entirely to refuse your help at this point, verbalise Riose, deliberately, will be considered treason and treated as such.Barrs eyebrows drew together. Save your verbal cudgels for your subordinates. A simple statement of your needs and wants will suffice me here.Riose sat down and crossed his l egs. Barr, we had an earlier discussion half(prenominal) a year ago.About your magicians?Yes. You remember what I said I would do.Barr nodded. His arms rested limply in his lap. You were going to visit them in their haunts, and youve been away these four months. Did you find them?Find them? That I did, cried Riose. His lips were stiff as he mouth. It seemed to require effort to refrain from grinding molars. Patrician, they are not magicians they are devils. It is as far from belief as the outer galaxies from here. Conceive it It is a world the size of a handkerchief, of a fingernail with resources so petty, power so minute, a nation so microscopic as would never suffice the most backward worlds of the dusty prefects of the Dark Stars. Yet with that, a people so proud and intriguing as to dream quietly and methodically of Galactic rule.Why, they are so sure of themselves that they do not even hurry. They move slowly, phlegmatically they speak of requisite centuries. They swallow worlds at leisure creep through systems with dawdling complacence.And they succeed. There is no one to stop them. They have built up a cheating(a) trading community that curls its tentacles about the systems further than their toy ships dare reach. For parsecs, their Traders which is what their agents call themselves penetrate.Ducem Barr interrupted the angry flow. How much of this information is definite and how much is simply choler?The soldier caught his breath and grew calmer. My fury does not blind me. I tell you I was in worlds nearer to Siwenna than to the Foundation, where the Empire was a myth of the distance, and where Traders were living truths. We ourselves were sham for Traders.The Foundation itself told you they aimed at Galactic dominion?Told me Riose was violent again. It was not a matter of telling me. The officials said nothing. They talk business exclusively. But I spoke to ordinary men. I absorbed the ideas of the common folk their manifest destiny, their calm acceptance of a great future. It is a thing that cant be hidden a universal optimism they dont even try to hide.The Siwennian openly displayed a certain quiet satisfaction. You will notice that so far it would seem to bear out rather accurately my reconstruction of events from the paltry data on the subject that I have gathered. It is no doubt, replied Riose with vexed sarcasm, a tribute to your analytical powers. It is also a hearty and bumptious commentary on the growing danger to the domains of His Imperial Majesty.Barr shrugged his unconcern, and Riose leaned forward suddenly, to seize the old mans shoulders and stare with curious gentleness into his eyes.He said, Now, patrician, none of that. I have no desire to be barbaric. For my part, the legacy of Siwennian hostility to the Imperium is an odious burden, and one which I would do everything in my power to wipe out. But my province is the military and interference in civil affairs is impossible. It would bring about my r ecall and ruin my usefulness at once. You see that? I fill out you see that. Between yourself and myself then, let the atrocity of forty years ago be repaid by your vengeance upon its author and so forgotten. I need your help. I frankly admit it.There was a world of urgency in the young mans voice, but Ducem Barrs head shook gently and deliberately in a negative gesture.Riose said pleadingly, You dont understand, patrician, and I doubt my ability to make you. I cant argue on your ground. Youre the scholar, not I. But this I can tell you. whatsoever you think of the Empire, you will admit its great services. Its armed forces have committed isolated crimes, but in the main they have been a force for tranquility and civilization. It was the Imperial navy that created the Pax Imperium that ruled over all the Galaxy for thousands of years. Contrast the millennia of peace under the Sun-and-Spaceship of the Empire with the millennia of interstellar anarchy that preceded it. Consider the wars and devastations of those old years and tell me if, with all its faults, the Empire is not worth preserving.Consider, he drove on forcefully, to what the outer fringe of the Galaxy is reduced in these days of their breakaway and independence, and ask yourself if for the sake of a petty revenge you would reduce Siwenna from its position as a province under the protection of a mighty Navy to a barbarian world in a barbarian Galaxy, all immersed in its fragmentary independence and its common degradation and misery.Is it so self-aggrandizing so soon? murmured the Siwennian.No, admitted Riose. We would be safe ourselves no doubt, were our lifetimes quadrupled. But it is for the Empire I fight that, and a military tradition which is something for myself alone, and which I can not transfer to you. It is a military tradition built on the Imperial institution which I serve.You are getting mystical, and I always find it touchy to penetrate another persons mysticism.No matter. You u nderstand the danger of this Foundation.It was I who pointed out what you call the danger before ever you headed outward from Siwenna.Then you realize that it must(prenominal) be stopped in embryo or perhaps not at all. You have screwn of this Foundation before anyone had heard of it. You know much about it than anyone else in the Empire. You probably know how it might best be attacked and you can probably forewarn me of its countermeasures. Come, let us be friends.Ducem Barr rose. He said flatly, Such help as I could give you means nothing. So I will make you free of it in the face of your strenuous demand.I will be the judge of its meaning.No, I am serious. Not all the might of the Empire could avail to crush this pygmy world.Why not? Bel Rioses eyes glistened fiercely. No, stay where you are. Ill tell you when you may leave. Why not? If you think I underestimate this enemy I have discovered, you are wrong. Patrician, he spoke reluctantly, I lost a ship on my return. I have no proof that it fell into the hands of the Foundation but it has not been laid since and were it merely an accident, its dead hulk should, certainly have been found along the route we took. It is not an important loss less than the tenth part of a fleabite, but it may mean that the Foundation has already opened hostilities. Such eagerness and such disregard for consequences might mean secret forces of which I know nothing. Can you help me then by answering a specific question? What is their military power?I havent any notion.Then explain yourself on your own terms. Why do you say the Empire can not defeat this small enemy?The Siwennian seated himself once more and looked away from Rioses doctor glare. He spoke heavily, Because I have faith in the principles of psychohistory. It is a strange science. It reached mathematical maturity with one man, Hari Seldon, and died with him, for no man since has been capable of manipulating its intricacies. But in that short period, it proved it self the most powerful instrument ever invented for the study of humanity. Without pretending to predict the actions of individual humans, it formulated definite laws capable of mathematical analysis and extrapolation to govern and predict the mass action of human groups.So-It was that psychohistory which Seldon and the group he worked with applied in full force to the establishment of the Foundation. The place, time, and conditions all call down mathematically and so, inevitably, to the development of a Second Galactic Empire.Rioses voice trembled with indignation. You mean that this art of his predicts that I would attack the Foundation and lose such and such a battle for such and such a reason? You are trying to say that I am a silly robot following a predetermined course into destruction.No, replied the old patrician, sharply. I have already said that the science had nothing to do with individual actions. It is the vaster background that has been foreseen.Then we stand clasped tightly in the forcing hand of the Goddess of Historical Necessity.Of Psychohistorical Necessity, prompted Barr, softly.And if I exercise my prerogative of freewill? If I choose to attack next year, or not to attack at all? How pliable is the Goddess? How resourceful?Barr shrugged. Attack now or never with a single ship, or all the force in the Empire by military force or economic pressure by candid declaration of war or by treacherous ambush. Do whatever you invite in your fullest exercise of freewill. You will still lose.Because of Hari Seldons dead hand?Because of the dead hand of the mathematics of human behavior that can neither be stopped, swerved, nor delayed.The dickens faced each other in deadlock, until the general stepped back.He said simply, Ill take that challenge. Its a dead hand against a living will.

Sociology Interactive Quiz #1

Sociology Quiz 1 The Sociological Imagination 1. Which of the following is the scoop up example of something that sociologists might study? How wireless applied science has enabled people in developing countries to communicate beyond their local communities. 2. Anything that humans create or take aim notice of, that exerts influence or pressure on their behavior is termed a social force . Which of these is the BEST application of the concept, sociological imagination? understanding the technology of cellular ph onenesss The sociologist who first identified social facts as the subject of sociology was Emile Durkheim .Things like norms for using cell phones, the cost of education, types of jobs that are the most available, and the fact that English is the predominant language spoken in the U. S. may seem very different from each other. But one thing they have in common is that Durkheim would examine all of them social facts. Peter Berger describes the miracle of love as being s omewhat synthetic. What does he mean by this? The process of finding a romantic associate is largely directed by social forces, as opposed to being purely individualistic. Which sociologist was the first to make the distinction between scuffles and issues?C. Wright Mills A trouble is caused by a persons personal difficulties or shortcomings. Mills called the ability to see the connection between personal circumstances and the social and historical context, or orthogonal forces, the sociological imagination. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the individual and parliamentary law? Individual troubles occur within and shaped by a particular historical and social context. The transition from muscle-driven, labor-intensive systems of production to mechanization and the use of power sources such as coal and water is called the Industrial Revolution.Read alsoSociology and societal Integration.The period of rapid industrialization and colonial expansion t hat followed the Industrial Revolution is called the Age of Imperialism. The term sociology was first invented by Auguste Comte, who defined the new discipline as a positivist science that studies the results of the human intellect. According to Comtes Law of Three Stages, society develops in three stages. The last, and superior stage, according to Comte, was based on using direct observation and the scientific method to understand the world. 15. Karl Marx was most interested in the effects of capitalism upon society.According to Marx, the primary cause of change in society is conflict. According to Emile Durkheim, the sociologists task is to analyze and explain solidarity within society. Durkheim explained rates of suicide in terms of social ties instead of an individuals emotional state. An anomic state is one in which individual ties to the group are disrupted by a dramatic change in circumstances. Weber defined social action that is prosecute because it was pursued in the past as traditional. According the Max Weber, the sociologists task is to analyze and explain the reasons for, and the consequences of, social actions.A woman finds a wallet that contains a drivers license, in addition to hundreds of dollars. Despite the fact that she is experiencing serious financial difficulties, the woman returns the wallet and all of the money. Weber would define returning the wallet as value-rational action. According to W. E. B. DuBois, the rummy meaning of being black in America includes double consciousness , which he defined as the sense of always looking at ones egotism through the eyes of the others and measuring ones self by the tape of the world. In order to better understand how mobile phone technology impacts the culture of a Native American group, a group of sociology students arranges to live several months on a reservation, and participate in the community life of the Native American group. Which mere sociologists would be most likely to have sugges ted this strategy for conducting research? Jane Addams 25. The continuing extension of social relationships across borders, so that goods, services, money, people, technology and information all feed throughout the world, is referred to as globalization.

Protection and Freedom: Why We Need Our Right to Bear Arms Essay

Fourteen-year-old Jessica Carpenter was left to babysit her younger siblings while her parents were running errands the morning of August 23, 2000. Armed with whole a pitchfork, Jonathon David Bruce, who was proud on drugs, entered the home and began chasing and stabbing the children. Jessicas father had taught her how to use a firearm, only if she could not access the gun because it was locked up in accordance with calcium state law. She was left unprotected and unable to defend herself and her family (Pratt). Situations like these are why it is necessary for our right to bear arms to not be infringed. Guns, when allowed to be carried by citizens, buns cause a decrease in villainy. If a criminal thinks his potential victim may be fortify, he may be deterred from committing the crime (Freakonomics)The right to bear arms is necessary because it is constitutionally protected under the second amendment, leads to safer communities, offers personal protection, and because gun contro l is essentially impossible and would only lead to a false sense of gage. One of the main arguments used by proponents of gun control against the right to bear arms is that guns kill people. on that point are several circumstances in which guns are used to cause death accidents, protection, and murder. As humans, we are prone to make mistakes. Sadly, mistakes with a gun can cost a life, and unfortunately, these mistakes cannot always be avoided no matter what safety precautions are taken. Murder, on the other hand, is not a guns decision.Whether the do was premeditated or not, it was the actions of the person with the gun, not the weapon. Therefore, an appropriate slogan is Guns Dont Kill People, People Kill People, which is now the official slogan of the content Riffle Association (NRA). Lastly, guns are needed for protection. A gun is used to protect an individual from another individual, a group or the government. Often we enamor where a store clerk used a gun to shoot an a rmed person who was trying to rob him, or where a homeowner has stroke a burglar.In addition, there were no means for the Jews to protect themselves from the Nazis during the Holocaust. The German government was corrupt, and the Jews were not allowed to keep guns, or any other form of protection, and, therefore, had no means to defend themselves. Because of the lack of any means of self-protection, millions of innocent people died. The Constitution of the United States is based-off of John Lockes Social Contract, which in essence says that the the great unwashed has a right to revolt against their government if it is corrupt. It is the governments duty to fulfill our right to self-preservation. The governments role is to protect us, and we also have a right to protect ourselves taking away the right to bear arms restricts the ability to protect oneself. Being able to protect oneself, being armed, decreases the likeliness that a crime will be committed against that person.The Seco nd Amendment was added to the Constitution on December 12, 1792. It stated, A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed(Constitution). Gun control proponents have argued that the use of the word people in this Amendment refers not to the civilian population of the United States, but to the State National Guard Units. (Agresti). James Madison, who was responsible for proposing the Second Amendment, argued, that a standing federal array could not be capable of conducting a coup to take over the nation.He estimated that based on the countrys population at the time, a federal standing army could not field more than 25,000 30,000 men (Agresti). This means that if the government were to be attacked, the the great unwashed would have to have protection from tyranny. The citizenry would have protection against the crime of tyranny because it would be armed. Therefore, revoking a citizens r ight to bear arms is not only a constitutional violation, but also threatens the freedoms of Americans. If we as citizens of the United States allow our Second Amendment right to be restricted, it only sets a precedent for other rights, such as the freedom of spoken language or freedom of the press, to be restricted as well.The essential purpose of the Constitution of the United States was to set limitations on the powers of government rather than grant them powers. The founders believed that the accepted obligation was to the citizens, and thus the bill of rights was created in order to protect individual freedoms. By mandating the control of firearms, the government is removing the Second Amendments guaranteed right to self-protection, and consequently allowing its citizens to be predisposed to criminals. The right to bear arms helps maintain the safety of society. This security is established through a simple apprehension of not knowing who is armed and who is not. While there are other means of protection, carrying a gun is a basic, Constitutional right, and every person is entitled to receive the most get along of protection possible. It is also evident in other countries how gun control negatively affects society.Countries that have strict gun control measures have a more than higher crime rate than countries that allow its citizens to have guns. For instance, In 1900, when England had no gun controls, the homicide rate was only 1.0 per 100,000. Moreover, using data through 1996, the U.S. Department of arbitrator study Crime and Justice concluded that in England the robbery rate was 1.4 times higher, the assault rate was 2.3 times higher, and the burglary rate was 1.7 times higher than in the U.S. (Halbrook). Laws were passed in England in 1953 and 1967 made it illegal for any person to carry a weapon (Waters). This shows that when citizens are legally allowed to posses and carry a gun crime rates are lower.

Unit SHC 51: Use and develop systems that promote communication

24. 10. 2012 Unit SHC 51 Use and develop systems that promote conversation Criteria 1. 1,1. 2,1. 3 Review the groups and individuals whose intercourse involve you must address in your work role. Explain how you support effective communion within your work role. Analyse the barriers and challenges to confabulation within your work role. Communication buns be defined as information transfer. This crapper be exchange of thoughts,messages,feelings. The way we transfer information is by speech,signals or writing ,to express oneself in such a way that one is really and clearly silent.We all character a variety of communication techniques to both understand and be understood. Without communication nonhing would urinate done,no information would be passed on. Communication take place to inform ,to support,educate, overstep and receive instruction,keep records,liaise and coordinate. All these communications tush assist any or all of the aid users and key raft in the health and social cargon and children and young great deals settings . In this sectors communication is employ to talk about needs,concerns,attitudes and feelings as well as to impart information.Communication is vital for those who desire and for those already working in the childc ar sector. In this sector practitioners need to build relationships with children,their parents and other applicable authorities. As a practitioner I spread abroad with parents ,colleagues,children and other professionals ,such as health visitors,social workers,medical stuff,sales reps,visitors to the setting,other managers. Therefor I make sure that e actuallybody is provided with the necessary information they need. My communication has to be clear and concise both verbal and written.Without these skills I cannot engage productively with individuals ,in my case these are children,colleges,parents and family members,outside agencies. Without communication the world would be a lonely place and communication is particularly chief(prenominal) in my work role as it can affect the relationships I build. Team communication is big as it is essential to keep everyone in the group cheatledgable about what is going on within our work setting. To enable my team to do this successfully ,my colleges have to go through their relationships grow and blossom,as they relay mainly on effective communication.The first time I meet a new parent or child it is important that I am friendly and welcoming. This is the start of the relationship and it is good to begin with firm foundations and that they get a positive feeling about me. The day-to-day conversations, of postulation How are you? or just asking about someones weekend slowly build up rapport with a parent or child and gradually the relationship moves on from that first friendly hello as I get to learn more than about them and they learn more about me.To gain and share information I find out information from the parents and children to help me do my job effectively and procure that the needs of the children are met. I gain a good knowledge of the children and in return I share information with them. It is also beneficial for me to build relationships with other professionals so that I whitethorn gain and share information with them to help us run our setting effectively. To gain reassurance and acknowledgement whilst working with young children I give them reassurance physically with positive comments and acknowledge them by showing that I am interested in what they are doing.Reassurance and acknowledgment is also important to me by children being content in my setting and their parents acknowledging that they are happy with care their children are receiving. Communication takes vital and huge part of my work role as a manager and for me being a successful and meaningful communicator is essential . Our survival and success as humans has been dependent on our ability to overtake. People herald for divers(prenominal) reasons to teach,to learn,to relate.Along with these I use communication to mention and promote good working relationships,to encourage the children to communicate effectively,to ensure that everybody knows where they stand,to get my colleagues their point across and ensure safety in the work environment,to help people understand how I feel and act accordingly,to work together and prevent errors,express my wants and needs,to help build and maintain self-reliance,to negotiate and liaise with others.To support and develop my communication skills as a manager I make sure that I keep myself up-to-dated with all the germane(predicate) informations and news and pass them on to the relevant authorities. To keep my communication effective I use one way mode fax,e-mail,memo,voice mail,letter two way method -in person,phone calls collaborative method -team meetings,consulting,decision making,group problem solving. In my work role as a manager, one of the ways I ensure the correct method s of communication are being assessed and used effectively for the service users within my setting, is to review care plans.I do this during supervisions with the key workers, I check that the needs and wishes of the children are being met, and record appropriately. I also ensure that the way information is recorded is done so in such a format that can be understood by all that need to read it( deep print and debar using jargon. ) I also maintain contact with family members, care managers via email and the headphone to ensure that all necessary information is passed on. This can be formal or informal.Part of my role is to help the staff to develop care plans, a large part of that is aimed at ensuring the staff understand the importance of identifying the best method of communication based, on each individual needs, if someone is non verbal use of signs or pictures or has sight problems using large print etc. I make sure that the key workers know the importance of acting as an co unselor to ensure the rights of the individual are met, and to giving support and guidance on how best to achieve this.One of the ways that I inform my stuff and the parents of up-and-coming events is to use a notice board, which is located in a visible part of the setting and is written using appropriate wording and text. To support effective communication in my work role is also important to build respect in business,inspire confidence,develop a distinct personality and reveal my ability to others. It is vital in establishing effective relationships in my work setting by allowing practitioners to expect support from colleagues/management and to provide them with the necessary support in times of stress and troublesomey.Effective communication is one of the most important sources of my work. When practitioners communicate effectively with children this benefits massively on their learning and development,and they become to trust and respect them as practitioners. Family and friend s know me well and leave usually understand me, even if I communicate poorly or very informally. Communicating with people at work is different because it is important that colleagues communicate respect for each other. Colleagues who do not show respect for each other may fail to show respect to the people who use the setting.I oft have to greet colleagues by asking if they are well and spend time on warm-up talk in order to show that I value them. I need to demonstrate that I am a good listener and can remember details of conversations with my colleagues. Colleagues have to develop trust in each other. It is important to demonstrate that I respect the confidentiality of conversation with colleagues. My work setting has its own social expectations about the correct way to communicate thoughts and feelings,which is in difference with the social expectations when communicating with my friends and family.Although communication between colleagues may often be informal it is important that they use skilled communication in order to develop respect and trust. As there has been,and will continue to be,an increase in the demand for good communication skills,as everyday life is bonnie more complex and most jobs now need good communication skills,as it is crucial for progress in our changing world. In my work role ,as in all health and social care settings, there are barriers that affect my communication. These barriers are sometimes extremely difficult to overcome or very easy.The reasons that can block my communication can vary- difference in culture and valuespersonal feelings and difficulties in my own lifefeeling unsafe or unwell,tirednot listening effectively,environment factors. Environmental factors that influence communication It is very hard to hear what someone is saying if there is a lot of background noise. It is also very difficult to make sense of other peoples facial expressions if I cant see their faces properly due to poor lighting. suite with awk ward seating positions might mean that a group of people cannot see each other comfortably.People sometimes feel uncomfortable if they are attempt to communicate with a person who is too close or at a distance. A room that is too hot, stuffy or cold may inhibit communication if it makes people feel tired or stressed. The environment also plays an important role in the effectiveness of communication help. For instance, hearing aids will amplify background noise as well as the voice of the let outer. A noisy environment may therefore be difficult and unpleasant for someone who is using a hearing aid. Good lighting will be critical for someone who supports their dread of speech with lip reading.Time limits can also interfere with communication. Barriers associated with personality, self-esteem, anxiety and depression Sometimes people can create their own barriers because they feel stressed by the emotional needs of the people they work with. Listening to others can involve hearing about frightening and depressing situations. People sometimes stop listening in order to avoid painful emotions. Tiredness, lack of time or a desire to avoid emotional stress can create a barrier to providing caring communication.Building an understanding of other person and establishing a caring presence can be very difficult when their personality or self-esteem needs create a barrier. Many people who are depressed or anxious experience negative thoughts that just come to them. Attempting to understand these thoughts and feelings can feel like laborious to find a way through a brick wall. It may feel as if there is an emotional barrier preventing the person from experiencing any positive emotions. stunning impairment and disability A sensory impairment means that a persons senses do not work effectively.Impairments create the first change of communication barrier, where information is not fully received. Disability is not the same as impairment. Some people experiencing barrie rs because of their difference may have a communication disability. In my work role I come across with people who suffer with a variety of disabilities or learning difficulties. If I meet a person who has visual disability then I would have to support him/her in order for communication and interpersonal interaction to be effective. It would be important for me to have appropriate resources such as glasses,magnifiers and high quality surroundings such as lighting.Along with these I need to use a clear noise and voice and speak louder so the person can understand what is being said,as him/her wouldnt be able ti lip read. Hearing disability is another communication barrier. If I am communicating with someone who is partly or fully deaf ,then I have to take into consideration the environment in which the communication takes place. Physical disabilities,such as speech impediment, could cause difficulty in communication. In this case ,the use of sighs and symbols,used in different ways ( facial expressions and hand gestures) can help my practice.Barriers associated with assumptions Building an understanding of other peoples needs takes time and effort. Jumping to conclusions and making assumptions can save mental effort and time, moreover assumptions may cause me to misinterpret what another person is trying to communicate. For character, I might believe that I dont need to listen to a person because I already know what his/her needs are. Assumptions can create a barrier because people stop listening and checking their understanding of other peoples communication. Some people make assumptions that people who have a disability are damaged normal people.When disabled people are seen in this way, they might be pitied or ignored. Difference in culture and values Many cultures have different beliefs about suitable communication between people,for example they may consider certain body language and hand gestures appropriate ,but others may find it offensive. An example of this is the thumbs up hand gesture ,which is commonly used to show that something is good or OK,but it is an insult if you were to show somewhere in Iran, Afganistan,Nigeria and parts of Italy and Greece. Also,a language in part part of the country could be different from somewhere else in this country (dialects).Accents and dialects can be confusing to understand the same for accents, in Britain there are many of these such as Geordie and cockney Rhyming Slang. In my work role I must understand and respect peoples cultural backgrounds,thinking before I speak or make a certain action ,whether it is appropriate. Effective communication in my work role is also to make sure that the people know that what is said is kept confidential,and that I will not judge them based on what is said. I must be sensitive to the peoples needs and feelings,by not discriminating,judging or showing negative body language towards them.

Not Enough Time to Spend with Family Members Essay

One doesnt have to look far, in current circumstances throughout the globe, to see that people argon migrating from one estate to another to earn bread and butter. There is a widely held view that, due to this trend, vast numbers of people are not able to dangle quality time with their nearer and dearer ones. Similar to every other trend, there is no exception in this case also that it has its own ups and downs. To begin with, it is abundantly clear that due to globalization, opportunities are not limited to one corner of the world.Simultaneously intensive competition is present for each such chance. To prove mettle, Individuals are ready to sacrifice their family members feelings, joy and agree to work on remote location without family. Moreover, parents are forced to celebrate festivals, birth long time and auspicious days without their kids. Last but not least, they feel gap in life when their kids are not around during their bad phase. At the other end of the spectrum, it bri ngs experience of satisfaction when caretakers see their kids, who are now grown human being, working with multinational organizations.Due to higher wages and salary, they can afford luxurious items wish car and furniture. In my personal experience, I have seen that my parents are now living affluent and comfortable life. This is largely due to my increased income which happened when I live on to Australia from India. However, we missed each other during celebrations and functions At the end of the day, I pen down saying that once has to be flexible to survive in this world which is now running on 24X7. I strongly believe that separation for short time can bring happiness for long time.

Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin

A Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin Corpoproportionn Colby Scott LeTourneau University A Financial Analysis of Lockheed Martin corpo dimensionn The world of finance in todays market place is one of numerous ups and downs. With the global economy in constant flux, it is very much important than every for companies to examine their monetary status and compare their position to that of the sexual intercourse market as well as their fellow competitors.In coif to better ben runhstand the ways in which todays managers examine their position on the market and evaluate their live value as a caller-up we will examine the financial data of Lockheed Martin Corporation and perform a slender financial analysis on the beau monde. In this analysis we will examine financial rations of Lockheed Martin and in bow compare these rations to that of fellow market competitors.Upon completion of our financial analysis we will be suitable to understand the financial position of Lockheed Ma rtin as well as the position of Lockheed Martin in their respective market, and in kink we will be able to fully comprehend the methods and data used by companies in order to evaluate their familiarity. Before going into an in prudence analysis of our company, let us first examine the history behind Lockheed Martin. The Lockheed Martin Corporation traces its roots all the way back to the earliest days of flight. In 1909 aviation pioneer Glenn L.Martin organized a company around a small airplane crook duty and transformed it into a major airframe supplier to U. S. war machine and commercial customers. In 1961 the Glenn L. Martin smart set became the Martin Marietta Company after the completion of a merger with American-Marietta Corp. , a leading supplier of building and road construction materials. In 1982, Martin Marietta was subject to a hostile takeover bid by the Bendix Corporation which bought the majority of Martin Marietta shares and in effect owned the company.However , Martin Mariettas management used the myopic time separating ownership and control to sell non-core businesses and launch its own hostile takeover of Bendix (known as the Pac-Man defense). The end of this extraordinarily bitter battle saw Martin Marietta win and forced Bendix to be sold off. In 1913, Allan and Malcolm Loughead (name later changed to Lockheed) flew the first Lockheed plane over San Francisco Bay. The brothers later established their own corporation known as the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company which was later renamed the Loughead Aircraft Manufacturing Company.In 1926, following the failure of Loughead, Allan Loughead formed the Lockheed Aircraft Company in Hollywood, California. In 1929, Lockheed sold out to Detroit Aircraft Corporation. The Great Depression ruined the aircraft market, and Detroit Aircraft went bankrupt. A group of investors headed by brothers Robert and Courtland Gross, bought the company out of receivership in 1932. The syndicate bought the company for a mere $40,000. Ironically, Allan Loughead himself had planned to bid for his own company, but had only raised $50,000 which he matt-up was too small a sum for a serious bid.The first successful aircraft built in any number by the Lockheed Corporation was named the Vega and was scoop up known for its use in several first- and record setting flights by, among others, Amelia Earhart, Wiley Post and George Hubert Wilkins. In the 1930s, Lockheed spent $139,400 to develop the perplex 10 Electra, a small twin-engine take which sold 40 units in the first year of production. Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, flew this plane on their failed attempt to circumnavigate the world in 1937.The Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior and the Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra expanded their market. The Model 14 alike formed the basis for the Hudson bomber, which was supplied to both the British Royal Air Force and the United States military before and during World War II. In 1995 the th ese devil companies, Lockheed and Martin Marietta, joined together in a merger which created the modern Lockheed Martin corporation, and further expanded with the acquisition of Loral, a defense electronics and systems integration business, in 1996.Today, the Lockheed Martin Corporation is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland and employs 126,000 people worldwide. The company is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration, and sustainment of advanced technology systems. Lockheed also serves both domestic and international customers with products and services that have defense, civil, and commercial applications, with their principal customers being agencies of the U. S. Government. In 2011, 84% of their $45. billion in net gross gross sales were make to the U. S. Government, either as a prime contractor or as a subcontractor. Lockheeds U. S. Government sales were made to both Department of self-abnegation (DoD) and non-DoD agencies. gross rev enue to foreign governments (including foreign military sales funded, in whole or in part, by the U. S. Government) descended to 15% of net sales in 2011. The last of net sales was attributable to commercial and other customers. In 2011, net sales at Aeronautics of $13. 2 billion represented 29% of their come in net sales.Aeronautics has three principal lines of business and the percentageage that each contributed to its 2011 net sales was 68 percent combat aircraft, 20 percent air mobility, and 12 percent in other aeronautics programs. At December 31, 2011, we operated in 545 locations (including offices, manufacturing plants, warehouses, service centers, laboratories, and other facilities) throughout the United States and internationally. Of these, we owned 43 locations aggregating approximately 30 million square feet, and leased space at 502 locations aggregating approximately 26 million square feet.We also manage or occupy various government-owned facilities under leases and various other arrangements. The U. S. Government also furnishes equipment that we use in some of our businesses. We operate in four principal business segments Aeronautics, Electronic Systems, IS, and Space Systems. Lockheed organizes their business segments based on the nature of the products and services offered. The following table presents net sales and operating profit of their four business segments.Net sales exclude intersegment revenue, as these activities are eliminated in consolidation. Intercompany transactions are generally negotiated and accounted for under terms and conditions similar to other government and commercial contracts. Operating profit of the business segments includes the righteousness earnings or losings from investees in which certain of their business segments hold equity interests, because the activities of the investees are closely aligned with the operations of those segments. In Millions 2011 2010 2009 Net Sales Aeronautics 13,235 12,201 11, 473 Electronic Systems 14,363 13,532 12,803 Information systems & Global Solutions 9,959 9,608 9,069 Space Systems 8,246 8,654 8,027 Total 45,803 43,995 41,372 Operation Profit Aeronautics 1,502 1,577 1,433 Electronic Systems 1,712 1,660 1,583 Information systems & Global Solutions 890 895 919 Space Systems 972 972 953 Total backing Segments 5,076 5,104 4,888 VESP and other charges 220 - Other unallocated Corporate income net 759 689 161 Total 4,097 4,415 5,049 Now that we have established the background of the Lockheed Martin Corporation, let us now analyze the ratios which provide us insight into the financial status of the corporation. The first ratio which we will look at is the current ration of Lockheed Martin. Using the current ration, we will be able to determine if Lockheed will be able to satisfy the amount of current liabilities based upon their current assets. When face at the Lockheeds balance sheet for 2011, we influence that they have 11. 157 million dollars in current liabilities and 12. 851 million dollars in current liabilities. In order to compute the current ratio of Lockheed we then take the current assets of 12. 51 million and divide this number by the current liabilities of 11. 157 million thus giving Lockheed a current ratio of 1. 15% for 2011. When looking at this ratio over a period of 2 years we began to date that the ratio prognosticated for 2011 has decreased . 01 percent from 2010. In examining this ratio, we are able to adjudicate that Lockheed has a clean constant liquidity rate which could tell us that the company is relatively stable at this point in time. The second ratio which will help us in evaluating the financial status of Lockheed Martin Corporation is the inventory turnover ratio. This ration will allow us to examine how efficiently Lockheed manages its assets and uses those assets to create income.In order to calculate this ratio we must find the companies net sales and divide this figure by the inventories that the company has on hand. After examining Lockheeds financial statements, we find that they reported 45. 803 million dollars in net sales and 2. 378 million dollars in inventories for 2011. After plugging these figures into our equation, we find that Lockheed had an inventory turnover ratio of 19. 26. This tells us roughly that Lockheeds inventory is sold out and restocked roughly 19. 26 times per year. When examined over a two year period, we find that the ratio of sales to inventories when compared to the 20. 15 ratio calculated in 2010, had only fallen by . 89.When compared to the rival Boeing Company, we find that Lockheeds inventory turnover ration is considerably high than the 1. 386 that Boeing reported over the same period. This could lead to the conclusion that Lockheed Martin is in considerably better position than the majority of the other companies with in the same market. The next ratio that we will examine is referred to as the debt ration. Thi s ratio allows us to examine the percentage of funds provided by current liabilities and long term debt. In order to calculate this ratio, we will need to take the total liabilities and divide this figure by the total assets. When examining the financial documents provided by Lockheed, we find that Lockheed reported a total indebtedness of 31. 59 million and a total asset of 35. 067. As we plug this data into our equation we find that Lockheed Martin has a debt ratio of 89. 43 percent for 2011. When see this outcome we must remember to examine the data from two separate perspectives. From the perspective of a creditor, a high debt ratio allows for less cushion against losses in the event that liquidating occurs. This could discourage creditors from lending to the company ascribable to the fact that it poses a greater happen to the creditor. On the other hand, stockholders generally like to see a high debt ration due to the fact that it magnifies the amount of return that they re ceive.Therefore, it would be wise for a company to maintain a debt ration which is fairly close to 50 percent due to the fact that it allows creditors to feel comfortable while satisfying the desires of the stockholders. another(prenominal) ratio which provides valuable insight into a companys financial status is the Gross Profit strand. When calculating this ratio we must first find the amount of sales, then subtract this number by the cost of goods sold and divide this number by the amount of sales during that period. As we examine the financial data using our Gross Profit Margin formula, we find that Lockheed had a gross profit margin of 10. 2 percent. This number tells us that Lockheed had a gross profit of 10. 2 percent per dollar of sales before any other expenses are deducted.When compared to rival aeronautical company Boeing, we find that Boeing had a gross profit margin that was 11. 9 percent higher than Lockheed. This suggests that Boeing is turning a higher profit margin than Lockheed and thus does not need to sell as much product in order to devote the same amount of income as Lockheed. By having a depress profit margin than their competitor, Lockheed must have a higher amount of sells in order to keep their place within the market. The final ratio which we will examine is the Price per Earnings ratio or the P/E Ratio. By looking at this ration we are able to identify how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of reported profit.Looking at Lockheeds current legal injury per share and earnings per share data we find that they are able to maintain a ratio of 28. 67. When viewing this data, we are able to conclude that Lockheed has a fairly strong growth prospect when other things are held constant. When we compare this number to the smaller rival Northrop Grumman and find that Lockheed has a P/E that is 19. 69 higher. When looking into the reasoning behind this difference, we can conclude that Northrop is regarded as being a much riskier co mpany than Lockheed and thus could receive less support for creditors. This places Lockheed Martin at an advantageous position due to the fact that they are viewed as a more than stable company.This allows them to control more of their respective market and in turn secures their market share for future years. Now that we have viewed the financial ratios of our company and have interpreted the data based upon Lockheeds market and past financial data, let us now look at the Beta coefficient. When stockholders examine which companies they wish to invest in, they generally seek to invest in companies with the smallest amount of risk possible. In doing so, Stockholders greatly minimize the amount of risk that they themselves accrue and in turn provides confidence within the market. However, we must have a way in order to evaluate the relative risk of a particular companies stock and for that we use the Beta coefficient.In order to calculate the Beta coefficient we will need two sets of data, the closing price for the stock we are examining and the closing prices for the index were using. As we look at the Beta value of . 98 for Lockheed Martin and compare it exertion rival Boeings 1. 31 and Northrop Grummans 1. 08 we find that Lockheed has a lower Beat value than both of its major competitors. This suggests that Lockheed is a less risky company to invest in and thus could create greater capitol available through the sale of stock for the company. In addition to drawing potential investors to the company, having a lower Beta value could cause creditors to be more willing to lend money to the company.This would allow a greater possibility for Lockheeds future amplification in the industry and could serve to propel them to the top of the Aeronautic market. If this were to occur, I forecast that the dividend structure within the company would increase due to the increased amount of wealth that the company is generating yearly. By having more funds available for allo cation to stockholders, the company would be more willing to pass this added revenue to the stockholders thus promoting more investors to purchase stock. Upon examining the numerous financial data available on Lockheed Martin we are able to determine that the financial status of the company is sound. Lockheed Martin maintains a current ratio of 1. 5 percent which tells us that the company is able to cover the cost of their current liabilities 1. 15 times using their current assets. This tells us that the company does not have any problematic debt at the current time and therefore generates a profit at the end of every operating period. The second index finger of Lockheeds current and future success is their ability to turn over inventory. In our calculations we discovered that Lockheed had an inventory turn over ratio of 19. 26 percent which told us that they were able roughly able to sell all of their products and restock at least 19. 26 times per year. When viewing this from a fi nancial point of view this figure is encouraging because it represents a steady profit within the company.The next ratio analysis performed, the debt ratio, informed us that the company had a debt ratio of 89. 43 percent. This high number could serve costly to the company if they ever need seek loans from creditors, but it does satisfy the shareholders by providing a higher amount of leverage. Another ratio that we analyzed for Lockheed Martin was the gross profit margin. After computing this ratio, we found that Lockheed had a gross profit margin of 10. 2 in 2011 which means than Lockheed bring in retained 10. 2 percent of every dollar earned. The final ration analysis that we performed on Lockheeds financial statements was a profit per earnings ratio.After acting this ratio, we found that Lockheed had a better profit per earnings than its rivals thus making it a more desirable company to invest in. This could attract future investors and in turn create more profit for the compa ny. From this analysis, I have concluded that Lockheed Martin could not handle much more debt in the near future due to the fact that their debt ration is already considerably high. If the company were to take on much more debt, creditors would become unwilling to provide financial support for the company and the company could risk taking on more debt than their assets could cover. This would cause the overall value of the company to fall and cause the Beat coefficient to ri se to a much higher level.In order to further improve the company from the position that it is in, I believe that the company should take steps to lower the debt ratio. This would cause the creditors to be more willing to invest in the company as well as keep the stockholders satisfied with the amount of leverage the company has. Also, by lowering the debt ratio, the companies eat coefficient would fall even further making the desire to invest in the company even higher. If Lockheed were to take this step, I bel ieve that the companies stock would continue to plagiarise and the company could in turn increase the amount of dividends that it provides. Bibliography 1. Free SEC Filings netmail Alerts SECFilings. com. (n. d. ). Free SEC Filings Email Alerts SECFilings. com.Retrieved April 26, 2011, from http//secfilings. com/searchresultswide. aspx? TabIndex=2=7752072=convpdf=11373=%2fdefault. aspx%3fticker%3dLMT%26amp%3bformgroupid%3d1%26amp%3bauth%3d1 2. Free SEC Filings Email Alerts SECFilings. com. (n. d. ). Free SEC Filings Email Alerts SECFilings. com. Retrieved April 26, 2011, from http//secfilings. com/searchresultswide. aspx? TabIndex=2=7704986=convpdf=11757=%2fdefault. aspx%3fticker%3dBA%26amp%3bformgroupid%3d1%26amp%3bauth%3d1 3. Ehrhardt, M. C. , & Brigham, E. F. (2011). Corporate finance a focus approach (4th ed. ). Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning.

Multifunctional Metal Organic Frameworks Environmental Sciences Essay

Herein, I report MOFs with high selectivity of CO2 everywhere CH4 and N2O every splintering well-be cookd as catalytic activity for transesterification. The lay down why we research MOFs selective capturing CO2 is that CO 2 has more consequence on mobile heating than opposite GHGs. As a closeness of fact, the CCS ( Carbon Capture & A Storage ) undertaking is pulling planetary attending now. In order to lend to this work, I stand been analyzing fabrication techniques and treatment picture of MOFs which can be used to capture C dioxide and catalyze transesterification reactions.IntroductionAs society is turning and altering fast, the ingestion of fossil fuels has increased quickly. As the consequence, we ar confronting well serious jobs, one of which is planetary warming caused by nursery gases ( GHGs ) including C dioxide ( CO2 ) , methane ( CH4 ) , azotic oxide ( N2O ) , ozone ( O3 ) , H2O vapour ( H2O ) and so on. Actually, numerous scientists have been seting attempt in to happening steps which can be used for slowing the planetary heating rate. They focused on the remotion of CO2 fagged from pollution lines into the air. As portion of such attempts, the Carbon Capture & A Storage ( CCS ) undertaking is presently afoot worldwide. In the undertaking, many scientists are pursuance for the stuffs to capture GHGs and reassign them safely for hive awaying them into deep inside the ocean. One of the stuffs being developed are Metal-Organic Frameworks ( MOFs ) . MOFs are porous stuffs incorporating metal ions and organic molecules or ligands ( ions or molecules that bind to cardinal metal atoms to organize coordination composites ) . The advantages of MOFs are robustness and flexibleness ( Millard and Yaghi, 2005 ) .There is in addition a turning involvement in MOF-based catalytic systems because of their high recyclability and responsiveness ( Farrusseng, 2009 ) . MOFs have the ability to catalyse many reactions used in industrial production. One of the reactions which MOFs can catalyse is transesterification reactions ( the physical process of interchanging the organic gathering R1 of an ester with the organic group R2 of an intoxicant ) , which is an of import procedure for the synthesis of biodiesel. Biodiesel made from works oils such as vegetable oil and tree oil is a nontoxic and environmental friendly fuel. Therefore, biodiesel synthesis is being considered as a possible option to fossil fuel exhaustion ( Meher, Sagar, and Naik, 2006 ) .Many scientists have examine many methods of MOFs synthesis, one of which is a molecular self-assembly ( the procedure by which molecules adopt a defined agreement without counsel or direction from an outside beginning ) . After that, they characterized these MOFs by utilizing several analysis setup such as X raies diffractometer, PXRD ( Powder X-rays Diffraction ) , TGA ( Thermogravimetric Analysis ) , EA ( Element Analysis ) equipment, cryogenic volumetrical CO2 adsorption/desorptio n analysis equipment and GC ( Gas Chromatography ) .Exploration of MOFsIn the 1965, Tomic mentioned stuffs which would today be called MOFs, metal-organic polymers or supramolecular constructions. Besides in the same twelvemonth, Biondi et Al. reported on Cu ( aaA? ) tricyanomethanide being a crystalline, polymeric compound. In 1990, Hoskins and Robson reported on the design of scaffold-like stuffs utilizing Cu ( aaA ) centres and tetracyanotetraphenylmethane.From the 1900s, constructions, belongingss and possible applications of MOFs as storage house have been studied. instantly several hundred different MOFs have been indicated. The characteristic of MOFs is that they contain cardinal metals linked through organic ligands, which form 3-dimensional models and the ligands normally bond via O atoms or N atoms.Furthermore, these stuffs have attracted a great attending in the last several decennaries. Applications in gas storage, contact action, and drug storage and bringing have been studied by many scientists. Particularly, among abilities above, gas storage and catalytic activity are being researching actively.Adsorption of Carbon Dioxidefig.1 MOFs capturing CO2 ( Robert, 2009 ) Recently people all over the universe think we need to cut down emanation of nursery gases and besides are doing assorted attempts to halt environmental catastrophe caused by planetary heating. There are several C dioxide emanations decrease engineerings salvaging energy, high-efficiency energy use, non-fossil energy use like clean and renewable energy, transition engineering between renewable energy and fossil fuels, CCS ( Carbon Capture and Storage ) , ecological or biological intervention engineering and so on. Among these assorted decrease engineerings, particularly CCS is good known as the most effectual engineering hence, many developed states are already concentrating on the most investing and research for CCS technological culture ( Wee, 2008 ) .Harmonizing to Andrew, MOFs r epresent a category of porous stuffs that offer these advantages for CO2 storage. A good porous web should retain its construction even when all the node molecules are hone. Therefore, it is need test the thermic stableness and hardiness by utilizing thermic hydrometric analysis ( TGA ) . Walton et Al. conducted experiment for proving hardiness of the MOFs they made. As the consequences, they got the isotherms over a broad scope of temperatures. They figured out that inflexions in the isotherms become more defined with increasing effectual pore size and this observation was gotten without any readjustment of MOFs construction. This means the MOFs they synthesized can capture C dioxide any temperature and can recycle them because they do non demo any alterations of their construction.Besides, the key to dividing CO2 from power works happy chance gases is to make a porous stuff that selectively captures CO2 molecules ( red-grey-red rods stand foring O=C=O ) and non nitrogen and H2O molecules. here, the porous stuff is a metal-organic model consisting of Co atoms ( purple ) linked by an organic bridging ligand ( 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate, with N and C atoms shown in bluish and gray, severally ) ( Robert, 2009 ) .Catalysis of MOFseq1. General equation of tranesterification reaction.Meher says, aaABiodiesel is ancestry more and more importance as an attractivce fuel due to the consuming dodo fuel resourcesaaA? . Biodiesel is made by certain reaction called transesterification ( the procedure of interchanging the organic group R1 of an ester with the organic group R2 of an intoxicant ) . Harmonizing to Meher, this fuel is biodegradable and non-toxic stuffs and less release nursery emanation as compared to petroleum Diesel.The MOFs made by assorted methods can catalyse this reaction, transesterification. There is MOFs holding Cu as cardinal metal. Since Cu has late gained prominence as a accelerator for legion transmutations and MOFs incorporating Cu ( Cu ) are in dissoluble in H2O and common organic dissolver such as DMF, DMSO, CH2Cl2, and EtOH, the responsiveness of the MOFs as heterogenous accelerators ( They have stage of which differs from that of the reactants. Besides, they can be reused several times ) was examined in the transesterification reaction of broad scope of esters with intoxicants. In our lab, we by and large use phenyl acetate rayon and phenyl benzoate as a substrate and methyl alcohol as a dissolver. The basic equation of transesterification is like thisphenyl ethanoate methyl alcohol phenol methyl ethanoateeq2. Transesterification by utilizing phenyl ethanoate and methyl alcohol ( or phenyl benzoate ) ( or methyl benzoate )Aside from MOFs holding Cu as cardinal metal, there are MOFs incorporating Zn ( Zn ) , dicarboxylic acids as chelator ( substance that binds peculiar ions, taking them from solution ) and bipyridyl ligands as spacer ( connection of 2D planar to organize 3D construction ) . They besides show good catal ytic activity for transesterification reaction. Both of Cu MOFs and Zn MOFs are reclaimable because they are heterogenous accelerators without losing their catalytic activity. Consequently, these MOFs are greatly instrumental cut down pollution caused by chemical compounds which are being ended up in the air or dirt every bit good as facilitation of biodiesel production for options to fossil fuel depletion.DecisionFrom last several decennaries, many scientists have put attempts to synthesise stuffs to slow planetary heating occurred by nursery gases emanation. One of the stuffs they made is MOFs, which can capture C dioxide that have the most impact on planetary warming acceleration among many other nursery gases and catalyze transesterification reaction which is used for biodiesel ( alternate fuel ) production. In visible radiation of these advantages, MOFs can be first-class accelerators and great options for fossil fuel.

Critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of England being a mixed economy rather than a pure command or completely free-market.

AbstractDifferent economies of the piece choose one of the three scotch placements verify delivery, foreswear securities industry miserliness, and intricate delivery to movement their needs and aims close appropriately. While from each one of these scotch systems progress to their take prefers and disadvantages, more or less of the economies of the realness argon currently entangled economies. The look out everywhere deliverance system has become substanti onlyy outdated as most economies, much(prenominal) as chinaware and the Soviet Union, ar mutationing into mixed economical systems. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the economic systems and particularly focuses upon the advantages and disadvantages that England has of be a mixed economy rather than a turn market economy or a command economy. The paper sheds light upon issues much(prenominal) as unemployment, aesculapian c be, enrapture, and the increase rank of imm igrants that the country currently has to face.IntroductionCountries around the globe adopt various economic systems which suit their own circumstances or which their governing bodys feel would be most appropriate to promote prosperity in the country. The economic systems of countries in like manner train over time and may diverseness from one particular system to some some otherwise when the administration, economic advisors of the country, and the human race deem appropriate. There atomic number 18 three main types of economic systems which include the bare market economy, the command economy, and the mixed economy (Ostrom, 2010). While most of the countries in the world are mixed economies, there are examples of countries which are closer to being free market economies or command economies. As with other economic concepts, each of the economic systems mentioned hold back their own respective advantages and disadvantages (Ostrom, 2010). Accordingly, disposals and e conomic advisors devise economic policies which classify the economy into the categories of one of the three types of economic systems. However, administrations may change these policies and may also change the economic systems adopted in a country when they feel it is required, although this process may take a long period of time (Ostrom, 2010). This paper for let down aim to explain the three types of economic systems and their advantages and disadvantages and hence commence with a critical evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of England being a mixed economy rather than a complete free market economy or a arrant(a) command economy. The paper will begin with an explanation of the free market economy and the advantages and disadvantages of the free market economy, followed by the command economy and the advantages and disadvantages of the command economy. The paper will continue with an explanation of the mixed economy and the advantages and disadvantages of the mixed economy and the exertion of these concepts to the economy of England. The paper will then critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of England being a mixed economy and conclude with a summary of the main points mentioned and recommendations for improvements in economic policy for the country.Free foodstuff prudenceThe free market economy is an economic system which is purely driven by the market forces of contend and supply and the price mechanism. Thus, in the free market economy, those goods and ope ramble which are in gritty necessity are produced and supplied and those that consumers are non willing to pay a high price for are non produced or supplied. The free market economy promotes the privatization of all industries as all resources are owned by personal individuals in a free market economy and there is short(p) or no government preventive (Polak, 2013). The government does not nationalize any industries and does not interfere in the work of goods or services. The free market economy is also known as the laissezfaire economy and producers ope lay out upon the authorize motive as the economy is in a convey of pure competition (Baylis, Smith, & Owens, 2013). The advantages of a free market economy include that consumers are provided with a variety of products at potencyly low prices as there are legion(predicate) producers competing for market share. Consumers are also likely to benefit from high select products as producers would be competing with one another on the basis of accompanimentors such as prime(prenominal) and price. Consumers would also benefit from additional advantages such as convenience, variety, and availability of choice. Also, consumers would easily be able to find the products which they are demanding as the market would be operating according to the price mechanism (Polak, 2013). There would be higher(prenominal) investment in research and development and more(prenominal) chances of larger techn ological breakthroughs as firms would be competing to gain a competitive advantage in the design of their products /services and/or gaining a cost advantage in their production processes. The free market economy may also mean higher productiveness levels, higher wages, and more work opportunities for individuals. This is because the economy would be in a state of rigorous competition, qualification room for more workers to gain higher incomes as businesses would also be competing to recruit the most adroit and skilled workers. An economy may prosper and increase its gross domestic product when operating upon a free market economy system, yet it is often considered that the disadvantages of a free market economy system outnumber its advantages (Bremmer, 2010). The disadvantages of a free market economy system include the fact that there is likely to be a high level of inequality in the diffusion of income as the rich would be likely to get richer and the poor would be likely to ge t poorer. Additionally, as there would be no or little government intervention, the public would not be provided with benefits such as welfare schemes, pension schemes, and may not even be provided with fair pay according to the cost of aliment. Problems such as inflation and the occurrence of monopolies would also not be counteracted by the government as the government would have no major role in the economy. There may be wastage of resources as the economy would be in a state of pure competition and expenditure would be incurred on activities such as advertising, marketing, and continuous mental hospital of products/services (Coates, 2014). Essential services would not be provided to the public such as free medical care, police and army services, and education (Robertson, 2013). De-merit goods such as drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other products would be produced without interference or reign from public authorities. Public goods which are not produced for a profit but are produced because they are indispensable such as street lighting, water, roads, and other such products/services are either priced very high or not produced at all. Accordingly, a free market economy may be right for the rich but may be highly detrimental for the poor. There is no example of a complete free market economy in the world but the USA comes closest to the explanation of a free market or capitalist economy. This is because the USA has approximately 30% government consumption in its GD, one of the lowest figures in the world, with 70% expenditure incurred by the surreptitious orbit (Coates, 2014). A pure command economy is the opposite of a free market economy and will be explained in the next section of this paper.Command/Planned EconomyA planned or command economy is the opposite of a free market economy and is an economic system which is completely controlled by the government. In a planned economy, most or all resources are owned by the government and the governm ent decides what is produced in the economy and the price charged for the products/services. Consumers have little or no verify in what is produced and all industries are nationalized. A planned economy also sets out the wages of workers and may also impose quotas upon the number of goods purchased by a single household. Command or planned economies are sometimes imposed by governments in order to maintain control and to attempt to make let on use of resources. However, the command or planned economy has not been a highly feasible system to adopt in the current economic environment, resulting in countries, such as China and Russia, to have to evolve or change their economic systems (Hummel & Stringham, 2010). The advantages associated with a planned economy include a reduction in the wastage of resources and a more equal statistical distribution of income in the midst of mickle of that country. Moreover, the population would be provided with services such as education, roads, wa ter, medical care, and other facilities upon the governments budget. Governments often wish to adopt this system in order to prevent riots or unrest in the country as most of the spate in the country would be at the same social level and would not feel that the system is unjust. Therefore, it allows the government to have more control on the economy and control economic problems such as inflation, deflation, unemployment, poverty, and other similar issues (Calomoris, Fisman, & Wang, 2010). There are many disadvantages associated with a command economy which include the inefficient parcelling of resources as resources are not allocated according to the price mechanism. Thus, resources may be wasted in producing things that consumers may not want. Likewise, producers and workers do not have any incentive to work hard as they are not allowed to own wealth and are simply working for the government which would stunt the prosperity and go up of that country. Consumers would also have l ittle choice or variety and would also have lower standards of living as they would have a lack of products/services to choose from. Additionally, it is difficult for the government to provide all goods and services efficiently themselves and this may mean that the provision of some important goods/services may be prevented or may be provided inconveniently. Countries with planned economies may suffer in global plow and other such factors as they would not be able to motivate their citizens to exert their best efforts into production and trade without giving them personal incentives. Thus, this also causes a lack of foreign investment and a high tax revenue rate for the provision of government-funded services. Also, it is difficult to determine how the government would decide what should be produced in the economy and how they cease easily anticipate consumer demand (Warner, 2011). Accordingly, the planned economic system has become outdated as preceding communist or planned eco nomies such as China, Russia, and even Sweden are now in transition towards a more mixed economic system which will be explained in the next section of this paper.Mixed EconomyThe mixed economic system is a combination of the free market economy and the planned economy as this system has both a public sphere and a one-on-one sector. As mentioned before, most of the countries of the world are mixed economies as they have a public sector and a private sector. The mixed economy allows the government to intervene to provide essential goods and services such as police, medical care, education, welfare and pension schemes, and other similar services while the private sector is free to produce goods and services as well (Castells, 2011). However, the government will intervene where needed and prevent the production of de-merit goods and prevent producers from charging unfair prices amongst other things. Consumers receive the benefit of variety and choice in goods and services and are give n an incentive to work hard while they are also facilitated by the government in the form of free goods (public goods) and services (Meyer, 2011). The mixed economy combines the advantage of the free market economy and the planned economy and also shares some of the disadvantages of both respective economies. England is a mixed economy and then benefits from the advantages associated with not being a complete free market economy or a pure command economy, but also suffers from a few of the disadvantages of not being either of these economies (Meyer, 2011).Englands economical SystemEngland, while previously being one of the strongest economies in the world, is currently plagued with some(prenominal) economic problems, which have slightly weakened its economic system. Being a mixed economy, Englands government spends about 40% of its GDP upon government spending while the remaining 60% belongs to the countrys private sector. The 40% of government spending is 10% more than what is s pent in the USA as a helping of GDP (Cleaver, 2013). This is because Englands government spends a larger proportion of its tax revenue upon the provision of more comprehensive health services, unemployment, and welfare schemes for the poor, and the transport system of the United Kingdom (Castells, 2011). The country is benefitting substantially by not being closer to a pure free market economy as the government of the country plays a vital role in stabilizing several economic aspects of the country. First of all, the unemployment rate of England is increasing rapidly, which means that it is essential for the government to provide support for the unemployed. If the government had little or no role to play in the economy, the unemployment rate may have even been higher and the number of people that were currently out of jobs may have been out on the roads without provision of basic facilities (Gillespie, 2011).Moreover, as the country is currently in a state of recession, without gov ernment intervention, the living standards of people would have diminish substantially, putting the economy in further turmoil and in a possibly irreversible particular (Gillespie, 2011). England is also home to a large number of immigrants and students who form a large part of the GDP in the country annually. If the country had been a complete free market economy, the country was likely to be in a state of chaos as there would be no control upon the immigrants introduction the country and there would be no provision of facilities for these immigrants and students which would further burden the country with increasing abuse rates, further unemployment, and increasing numbers of homeless people filling the streets. Besides, with increasing numbers of immigrants and an increasing unemployment rate in the local population, the country is also benefitting from government spending upon free health services which lapse the citizens and visitors of the country under high quality healt hcare and helps prevent the spread of dangerous diseases from people who cannot spread out expensive medical treatment. The implications of this control imposed by the government include a better and fairer distribution of income along with the provision of unemployment benefits, free education, pension and welfare schemes, and high quality healthcare for all people alike (Cleaver, 2013). Furthermore, another essential part of the governments role in the economy includes the transport system which is subsidized for students, senior citizens, and people with lower incomes. Thus, the government is responsible for the provision of essential public goods and services which are needed to promote the welfare of the citizens of England and make them a prosperous economy (Bohstedht, 2010). Conversely, the disadvantages associated with England being a mixed economy rather than a free market economy include the fact that some services may be provided more efficiently by the private sector in cluding healthcare, as the National Health Service is taking up a substantial part of taxpayers funds and the standards of the service are also slightly deteriorating resulting in long waiting lists for patients who require treatment. Moreover, if the government privatized several more industries and promoted an environment of pure competition, it may result in the creation of additional jobs and help simplification the unemployment rate. Additionally, increased consumer spending and investment may also attract further foreign direct investment into the country and help bring the country out of its current recessionary state as Englands foreign direct investment rate has decreased over the years and UKs own companies have increased their investment in other emerging markets. The public has also been highly verbal and uncontrollable regarding the increasing tax rate in the country which would have been non-existent had the country been a free market economy (Cleaver, 2013). On the other hand, while there are advantages and disadvantages associated with the country being a mixed economy rather than a free market economy, there are also advantages and disadvantages associated with the country not being a pure command economy. The advantage that England has of not being a pure command economy is that it has been able to motivate its population to work hard and become a progressive state as workers are allowed to accumulate wealth instead of limiting the growth of its citizens and nationalizing all its industries. While there is some inefficiency in the allocation of resources, the countrys private sector does operate upon the price mechanism thus allowing the efficient allocation of resources according to the market forces of demand and supply (Boaden, 2010). England has also been able to move on high amounts of foreign direct investment and the immigration of skilled labour which would not have been manageable if the country had been a pure command economy. Consumers are also provided with a variety of high quality goods and services which has increased the countrys standard of living and has also enabled it to be an active role player in global trade (Boaden, 2010). Yet, there are certain disadvantages that the country has of not being a pure command economy and being a mixed economy which include the unequal distribution of wealth amongst its citizens which is causing increasing unrest. Moreover, there is ample wastage of resources in the economy because of increasing competition amidst firms and the country is suffering from several scandals in the realms of corporate social responsibility, quality, unfair pricing, and other problems in its private sector (Bohstedht, 2010).The country has also had to face immense problems because of the large number of immigrants entering the country each year and if the country had been a pure command economy, it would have not had so many potential immigrants to deal with (Boaden, 2010).Conclusi onEngland is best suited to be a mixed economy like most of the other economies of the world as this economic system enables the economy to combine the advantages of both the complete free market economy and the pure command economy. Additionally, while the country is progressing in the private sector, government intervention is essential for the provision of necessary public goods and services, without which the economy would substantially deteriorate the conditions of the poor. However, while the country has nationalized many of its essential services, the country should consider allowing privatization in the healthcare industry as the burden of taxes to pay for the NHS is increasing while the quality of the service provided by the NHS is deteriorating. Moreover, this is an essential industry which cannot be plagued with delays as is currently accident with the NHS. Thus, being a mixed economy, England should slightly further reduce its government spending to allow the private se ctor to benefit further while the government can exert legal control over the activities of firms in the private sector. Furthermore, the government must encourage private industries to increase employment, incomes, and consumer spending, and thus lead to a higher GDP and a more progressive nation. The country would also easily be able to pull itself out of its current recessionary state and reduce the tax burden on its citizens.ReferencesBaylis, J., Smith, S., & Owens, P. (Eds.). (2013). The globalization of world politics An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press.Boaden, N. (2010). Urban policy-making influences on county boroughs in England and Wales. Cambridge University Press.Bohstedt, J. (2010). The Politics of commissariat Food Riots, Moral Economy, and Market Transition in England, C. 1550-1850. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..Bremmer, I. (2010). The end of the free market who wins the war between states and corporations?. European View. Vol. 9(2) pp. 249 -252.Calomiris, C. W., Fisman, R., & Wang, Y. (2010). 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